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Publications of year 2021
Theses
  1. Giulia Gennari. Multivariate pattern analyses of electrophysiological recordings in infants reveal the initial codes used by the human brain to represent speech, tones and numbers. PhD Thesis, UPMC, 2021. [bibtex-entry]


  2. Camilo Miguel Signorelli. Theoretical models and measures of conscious brain network dynamics: an integrative approach. PhD Thesis, Sorbonne Université and Pompeu Fabra Universitat, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  3. Cassandra Potier Watkins. Can technology facilitate reading acquisition, developing applications for phonics learning and dyslexia screening / La technologie peut-elle faciliter l’apprentissage de la lecture ? Développer des applications pour l’acquisition de la phonétique et le dépistage de la dyslexie�. PhD Thesis, Université de Paris, 2021.
    Abstract: This thesis focuses on the application, to French students, of advances in the understanding of how children learn to read, what methods best train literacy and how we can better assess reading deficits— so that these advances can fuel a virtuous circle between cognitive science and educational interventions. In the case of literacy, there is a global consensus that early explicit phonics instruction is the best means to learning how to read. In this thesis, we propose a tablet-based game to support phonics learning. We also address several unanswered questions of teaching methodology. For example, during what period of time should the teaching of the phonetic method be introduced? Can children learn to read using phonics software before formal literacy? We present the results from our randomized control study with French first graders (N=975). Data collected from pre- and post- tests shows that children only benefited from the phonics game when it was used early in the school year. In a second intervention, we improved the design of the application and research methodology, and then tested the game with French kindergarteners (N=1092). This time students improved in factors that support literacy, irrelevant of the period that the games were used. However, in a follow-up test, benefits disappeared once formal reading education began. In the process of seeking to develop a tablet-based approach to literacy, we also describe a program used by the game engine that automatically creates a phonics progression based on the most frequent and consistent grapheme-phoneme correspondences for any alphabetic language. Historically, some of the greatest insights into the processes involved in reading have come from the examination of the deficits caused by brain lesions. Based on the hypothesis that reading is a complex cognitive activity, and that a deficit in any part of the process could lead to dyslexia, we developed a screener that looks at the types of errors made by readers to assess for selective deficits. After normalizing the screener with French 6th and 7th graders, we examine the different types of errors made by students previously diagnosed with dyslexia by their school. We present the first French cases of two different types of selective deficits: letter position dyslexia and attention dyslexia. The body of this work was developed with the goal of practical application. To this end, the tablet-based game and phonics builder code were developed using open-source software and licenses. Our screener for dyslexia is also open for use in collaboration with our lab. In the general discussion, we discuss ideas for immediate improvements and future studies that could be done using these tools, to the benefit of improved literacy programs for all students.
    [bibtex-entry]


Articles in journals
  1. Fosca Al Roumi, Sébastien Marti, Liping Wang, Marie Amalric, and Stanislas Dehaene. Mental compression of spatial sequences in human working memory using numerical and geometrical primitives. Neuron, 109(16):2627--2639, 2021. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  2. Manuela A Basso, Stephen Frey, Kathryn A Guerriero, Béchir Jarraya, Sabine Kastner, Kenji W Koyano, David A Leopold, K Murphy, Colline Poirier, W Pope, and others. Using non-invasive neuroimaging to enhance the care, well-being and experimental outcomes of laboratory non-human primates (monkeys). NeuroImage, 228:117667, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  3. Marie Estelle Bellet, Marion Gay, Joachim Bellet, Bechir Jarraya, Stanislas Dehaene, Timo van Kerkoerle, and Theofanis I Panagiotaropoulos. Prefrontal neural ensembles encode an internal model of visual sequences and their violations. bioRxiv, 2021. [WWW] [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  4. Marie E Bellet, Marion Gay, Joachim Bellet, Bechir Jarraya, Stanislas Dehaene, Timo van Kerkoerle, and Theofanis I Panagiotaropoulos. Spontaneously emerging internal models of visual sequences combine abstract and event-specific information in the prefrontal cortex. bioRxiv, pp 2021--10, 2021. [bibtex-entry]


  5. Lucas Benjamin, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, and Ana Fló. Remarks on the analysis of steady-state responses: Spurious artifacts introduced by overlapping epochs. Cortex, 142:370--378, 2021. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  6. Lucie Berkovitch, Lucie Charles, Antoine Del Cul, Nora Hamdani, Marine Delavest, Samuel Sarrazin, Jean-François Mangin, Pamela Guevara, Ellen Ji, Marc-Antoine d'Albis, and others. Disruption of conscious access in psychosis is associated with altered structural brain connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(3):513--523, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  7. Elisa Castaldi, Manuela Piazza, and Evelyn Eger. Resources Underlying Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Enable Veridical Large Numerosity Perception. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15:751098, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  8. Dawoon Choi, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Marcela Peña, and Janet F Werker. Neural indicators of articulator-specific sensorimotor influences on infant speech perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(20), 2021. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  9. Lorenzo Ciccione and Stanislas Dehaene. Can humans perform mental regression on a graph? Accuracy and bias in the perception of scatterplots. Cognitive Psychology, 128:101406, 2021. [WWW]
    Abstract: Despite the widespread use of graphs, little is known about how fast and how accurately we can extract information from them. Through a series of four behavioral experiments, we characterized human performance in “mental regression”, i.e. the perception of statistical trends from scatterplots. When presented with a noisy scatterplot, even as briefly as 100 ms, human adults could accurately judge if it was increasing or decreasing, fit a regression line, and extrapolate outside the original data range, for both linear and non-linear functions. Performance was highly consistent across those three tasks of trend judgment, line fitting and extrapolation. Participants’ linear trend judgments took into account the slope, the noise, and the number of data points, and were tightly correlated with the t-test classically used to evaluate the significance of a linear regression. However, they overestimated the absolute value of the regression slope. This bias was inconsistent with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, which minimizes the sum of square deviations, but consistent with the use of Deming regression, which treats the x and y axes symmetrically and minimizes the Euclidean distance to the fitting line. We speculate that this fast but biased perception of scatterplots may be based on a “neuronal recycling” of the human visual capacity to identify the medial axis of a shape.
    [bibtex-entry]


  10. Laurent Cohen, Philippine Salondy, Christophe Pallier, and Stanislas Dehaene. How does inattention affect written and spoken language processing?. Cortex, 138:212--227, 2021. [PDF]
    Abstract: The classic cocktail party effect suggests that some, but probably not all levels of language processing can proceed without attention. We used whole-brain functional MRI to investigate how modality-specific and modality-independent language areas are modulated by the withdrawal of attention to another sensory modality (e.g., attending to vision during the presentation of auditory sentences, or vice-versa). We tested the hypotheses that inattention may abolish sentence-level integration and eliminate top-down effects. In both written and spoken modalities, language processing was strongly modulated by the distraction of attention, but this inattention effect varied considerably depending on the area and hierarchical level of language processing. Under inattention, a bottom-up activation remained in early modality-specific areas, particularly in superior temporal spokenlanguage areas, but the difference between sentences and words lists vanished. Under both attended and unattended conditions, ventral temporal cortices were activated in a topdown manner by spoken language more than by control stimuli, reaching posteriorily the Visual Word Form Area. We conclude that inattention prevents sentence-level syntactic and semantic integration, but preserves some top-down crossmodal processing, plus a large degree of bottom-up modality-specific processing, including a ventral occipitotemporal specialization for letter strings in a known alphabet.
    [bibtex-entry]


  11. Zachary W Davis, Gabriel B Benigno, Charlee Fletterman, Theo Desbordes, Christopher Steward, Terrence J Sejnowski, John H Reynolds, and Lyle Muller. Spontaneous traveling waves naturally emerge from horizontal fiber time delays and travel through locally asynchronous-irregular states. Nature Communications, 12(1):1--16, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  12. Stanislas Dehaene, Anne Christophe, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Véronique Izard, Elena Pasquinelli, and Elizabeth Spelke. L’ouverture aux mathématiques l’école maternelle et au CP. Cons. Sci. Educ. Natl, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  13. Stanislas Dehaene, Anne Christophe, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Véronique Izard, Elena Pasquinelli, and Elizabeth Spelke. L’ouverture aux mathématiques l’école maternelle et au CP. Cons. Sci. Educ. Natl, 2021. [bibtex-entry]


  14. Milad Ekramnia, Jacques Mehler, and Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. Disjunctive inference in preverbal infants. Iscience, 24(10), 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  15. Cedric Foucault and Florent Meyniel. Gated recurrence enables simple and accurate sequence prediction in stochastic, changing, and structured environments. bioRxiv, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  16. Cedric Foucault and Florent Meyniel. Gated recurrence enables simple and accurate sequence prediction in stochastic, changing, and structured environments. Elife, 10:e71801, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  17. Giulia Gennari, Sébastien Marti, Marie Palu, Ana Fló, and Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. Orthogonal neural codes for speech in the infant brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(31), 2021. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  18. T Hannagan, A Agrawal, L Cohen, and S Dehaene. Emergence of a compositional neural code for written words: Recycling of a convolutional neural network for reading. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(46):e2104779118, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  19. T Hannagan, A Agrawal, L Cohen, and S Dehaene. Simulating the emergence of the Visual Word Form Area: Recycling a convolutional neural network for reading. bioRxiv, pp 2021--02, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  20. Benedetta Heimler, Tomer Behor, Stanislas Dehaene, Véronique Izard, and Amir Amedi. Core knowledge of geometry can develop independently of visual experience. Cognition, 212:104716, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  21. Daniel C Hyde, Yi Mou, Ilaria Berteletti, Elizabeth S Spelke, Stanislas Dehaene, and Manuela Piazza. Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study. Plos one, 16(11):e0259775, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  22. P Christiaan Klink, Jean-François Aubry, Vincent P Ferrera, Andrew S Fox, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Bechir Jarraya, Elisa Konofagou, Richard Krauzlis, Adam Messinger, Anna S Mitchell, and others. Combining Brain Perturbation and Neuroimaging in Non-human Primates. NeuroImage, pp 118017, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  23. Daria La Rocca, Herwig Wendt, Virginie van Wassenhove, Philippe Ciuciu, and Patrice Abry. Revisiting functional connectivity for infraslow scale-free brain dynamics using complex wavelets. Frontiers in Physiology, 11:1651, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  24. Yair Lakretz, Theo Desbordes, Dieuwke Hupkes, and Stanislas Dehaene. Causal transformers perform below chance on recursive nested constructions, unlike humans. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.07240, 2021. [bibtex-entry]


  25. Yair Lakretz, Théo Desbordes, Jean-Rémi King, Benoît Crabbé, Maxime Oquab, and Stanislas Dehaene. Can RNNs learn Recursive Nested Subject-Verb Agreements?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.02258, 2021. [WWW] [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  26. Yair Lakretz, Dieuwke Hupkes, Alessandra Vergallito, Marco Marelli, Marco Baroni, and Stanislas Dehaene. Mechanisms for handling nested dependencies in neural-network language models and humans. Cognition, pp 104699, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  27. Maxime Maheu, Florent Meyniel, and Stanislas Dehaene. Rational arbitration between statistics and rules in human sequence processing. bioRxiv, 2021. [bibtex-entry]


  28. Karima Mersad, Claire Kabdebon, and Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. Explicit access to phonetic representations in 3-month-old infants. Cognition, pp 104613, 2021. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  29. Adam Messinger, Nikoloz Sirmpilatze, Katja Heuer, Kep Kee Loh, Rogier B Mars, Julien Sein, Ting Xu, Daniel Glen, Benjamin Jung, Jakob Seidlitz, and others. A collaborative resource platform for non-human primate neuroimaging. NeuroImage, 226:117519, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  30. Lionel Naccache, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Theofanis I Panagiotaropoulos, and Stanislas Dehaene. Why intracranial electrical stimulation of the human brain suggests an essential role for prefrontal cortex in conscious processing: a commentary on Raccah et al.. 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  31. Ana Luísa Pinho, Alexis Amadon, Murielle Fabre, Elvis Dohmatob, Isabelle Denghien, Juan Jesús Torre, Chantal Ginisty, Séverine Becuwe-Desmidt, Séverine Roger, Laurence Laurier, Véronique Joly-Testault, Gaëlle Médiouni-Cloarec, Christine Doublé, Bernadette Martins, Philippe Pinel, Evelyn Eger, Gaël Varoquaux, Christophe Pallier, Stanislas Dehaene, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, and Bertrand Thirion. Subject-specific segregation of functional territories based on deep phenotyping. Human brain mapping, 42(4):841--870, 2021. [WWW] [PDF]
    Abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has opened the possibility to investigate how brain activity is modulated by behavior. Most studies so far are bound to one single task, in which functional responses to a handful of contrasts are analyzed and reported as a group average brain map. Contrariwise, recent data-collection efforts have started to target a systematic spatial representation of multiple mental functions. In this paper, we leverage the Individual Brain Charting (IBC) dataset—a high-resolution task-fMRI dataset acquired in a fixed environment—in order to study the feasibility of individual mapping. First, we verify that the IBC brain maps reproduce those obtained from previous, large-scale datasets using the same tasks. Second, we confirm that the elementary spatial components, inferred across all tasks, are consistently mapped within and, to a lesser extent, across participants. Third, we demonstrate the relevance of the topographic information of the individual contrast maps, showing that contrasts from one task can be predicted by contrasts from other tasks. At last, we showcase the benefit of contrast accumulation for the fine functional characterization of brain regions within a prespecified network. To this end, we analyze the cognitive profile of functional territories pertaining to the language network and prove that these profiles generalize across participants.
    [bibtex-entry]


  32. Samuel Planton and Stanislas Dehaene. Cerebral representation of sequence patterns across multiple presentation formats. Cortex, 145:13--36, 2021. [WWW]
    Abstract: The ability to detect the abstract pattern underlying a temporal sequence of events is crucial to many human activities, including language and mathematics, but its cortical correlates remain poorly understood. It is also unclear whether repeated exposure to the same sequence of sensory stimuli is sufficient to induce the encoding of an abstract amodal representation of the pattern. Using functional MRI, we probed the existence of such abstract codes for sequential patterns, their localization in the human brain, and their relation to existing language and math-responsive networks. We used a passive sequence violation paradigm, in which a given sequence is repeatedly presented before rare deviant sequences are introduced. We presented two binary patterns, AABB and ABAB, in four presentation formats, either visual or auditory, and either cued by the identity of the stimuli or by their spatial location. Regardless of the presentation format, a habituation to the repeated pattern and a response to pattern violations were seen in a set of inferior frontal, intraparietal and temporal areas. Within language areas, such pattern-violation responses were only found in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), whereas all math-responsive regions responded to pattern changes. Most of these regions also responded whenever the modality or the cue changed, suggesting a general sensitivity to violation detection. Thus, the representation of sequence patterns appears to be distributed, yet to include a core set of abstract amodal regions, particularly the IFG.
    [bibtex-entry]


  33. Samuel Planton, Timo van Kerkoerle, Leïla Abbih, Maxime Maheu, Florent Meyniel, Mariano Sigman, Liping Wang, Santiago Figueira, Sergio Romano, and Stanislas Dehaene. A theory of memory for binary sequences: Evidence for a mental compression algorithm in humans. PLoS computational biology, 17(1):e1008598, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  34. Mathias Sablé-Meyer, Joël Fagot, Serge Caparos, Timo van Kerkoerle, Marie Amalric, and Stanislas Dehaene. Sensitivity to geometric shape regularity in humans and baboons: A putative signature of human singularity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(16), 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  35. Claire Sergent, Martina Corazzol, Ghislaine Labouret, François Stockart, Mark Wexler, Jean-Rémi King, Florent Meyniel, and Daniel Pressnitzer. Bifurcation in brain dynamics reveals a signature of conscious processing independent of report. Nature Communications, 12(1):1--19, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  36. Camilo Miguel Signorelli and Daniel Meling. Towards new concepts for a biological neuroscience of consciousness. Cognitive Neurodynamics, pp 1--22, 2021. [WWW] [bibtex-entry]


  37. Camilo Miguel Signorelli, Lynn Uhrig, Morten Kringelbach, Bechir Jarraya, and Gustavo Deco. Hierarchical disruption in the cortex of anesthetized monkeys as a new signature of consciousness loss. NeuroImage, 227:117618, 2021. [WWW]
    Abstract: Anesthesia induces a reconfiguration of the repertoire of functional brain states leading to a high function-structure similarity. However, it is unclear how these functional changes lead to loss of consciousness. Here we suggest that the mechanism of conscious access is related to a general dynamical rearrangement of the intrinsic hierarchical organization of the cortex. To measure cortical hierarchy, we applied the Intrinsic Ignition analysis to resting-state fMRI data acquired in awake and anesthetized macaques. Our results reveal the existence of spatial and temporal hierarchical differences of neural activity within the macaque cortex, with a strong modulation by the depth of anesthesia and the employed anesthetic agent. Higher values of Intrinsic Ignition correspond to rich and flexible brain dynamics whereas lower values correspond to poor and rigid, structurally driven brain dynamics. Moreover, spatial and temporal hierarchical dimensions are disrupted in a different manner, involving different hierarchical brain networks. All together suggest that disruption of brain hierarchy is a new signature of consciousness loss.
    [bibtex-entry]


  38. Cassandra Potier Watkins and Stanislas Dehaene. Can a game application that boosts phonics knowledge in kindergarten advance 1st grade reading?. 2021. [bibtex-entry]


Miscellaneous
  1. Y. Algan, S. Dehaene, E. Huillery, E. Pasquinelli, and F Ramus. Quels professeurs au XXIe siècle ? Rapport de synthèse du Conseil Scientifique de l’Education Nationale (CSEN)., 2021. [WWW] [PDF] [bibtex-entry]



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